Hamidian Era Essay Example for Free

Hamidian Era Essay â€Å"Analyse the Hamidian period from the viewpoint of either the Balkan or the Anatolian or the Arab regions, talking about the various manners by which that district was treated by the Ottoman government, and the various ways that area responded†. The Balkan area of the Ottoman Empire had consistently been a vital piece of it huge areas. The Balkan states can be credited with shortening the life expectancy of an upset domain. All the more explicitly, Albania it tends to be contended contributed a lot in realizing the possible death of the Empire. The late British MP Audrey Hebert compactly expressed that, â€Å"In the end, similar to Samson in the Temple of Gaza, they pulled down the segments of the Ottoman Empire upon their own head. It was the Albanians and not the Serbs or Bulgars or Greeks who crushed the Turks†. It is odd then that insufficient examination has been never really break down the Albanian nations’ commitments towards the Ottoman Empire. This exposition will take a gander at the Hamedian plan comparable to the Balkan locale, concentrating explicitly on the Albanian country. This article will investigate the Sultans strategies opposite the Albanians to reason that at long last the Empire lost a once incredible partner of the Empire because of its negative bringing together approaches, which endeavored to strip away national in when patriotism was a focal them in the locale. The loss of Albania inside the Balkans finished in the Young Turk insurgency, which stopped the Hamedian time. King Abdul Hamid II is for the most part recognized as a devout ruler. The Hamedian plan was multi-faceted. The Sultan looked to bring together the Muslims under the pennant of Islam to repulse outside interlopers. He likewise needed total expert so as to bring together his Empire. The Ottoman setting as of now was portrayed by solid patriot calls from inside the Empire. This broad patriotism was motivated by Western Europe and different European states empowered patriot developments inside the Empire along these lines further exacerbating the huge number of political, social and monetary issues facing the Sultan. King Abdul Hamid II endeavored to sabotage the developing patriot issue by utilizing his approaches of dish Islamism. Container Islamism increased genuine energy simply after the marking of a bargain in Berlin in 1878. The arrangement was an outcome of the Ottoman thrashing against the Russians a year sooner. Accordingly the Sultan promisingly suspended the constitution and banished Ottoman Bureaucrats whose where seen as a danger to the Sultans power. The significant result of this European headed congress anyway was that the Empire had lost huge pieces of the greater part Christian Balkan regions. The Sultan at that point removed himself from the mainstream orientated thoughts of the first Tanzimat period. His strategies â€Å"went from being, apparently supra-strict during the prime of the Tanzimat, to more accentuation being set on Islam in tone and nuance†. A case of this is his instruction strategy, which set forward school educational programs Islamic in nature. The Balkans had consistently been a key monetary asset for the Ottoman Empire, inferable from its enormous populace, gigantic fruitful terrains and very much found situation inside Europe. The congress’s choice brought about Serbia, Montenegro and Bulgaria picking up autonomy. This incredibly impeded the Sultan’s want for centralization. Without stressing over decision a huge Christian populace, the Sultan could now concentrate solely on his Muslim subjects. He did this in two different ways. Right off the bat, the Sultans’ subjects expected to shape â€Å"a firm new center of identity,† particularly since the Muslim populace made up over 70% of the Empire. Besides, Abdul Hamid was not hesitant to utilize his title as Caliph of the Believers to energize support from his subjects to call for jihad against the heathen colonialists. Obviously this was a piece of the container Islamic purposeful publicity utilized so well by the Sultan. In 1877 the Islamic plan of the Sultan turned out to be extremely obvious. The San Stefano, settlement was constrained on the realm after the Russians had vanquished the Ottomans in war. The rewarded specified that the greater part Albanians lands be given to Serbia, Bulgaria and Montenegro. The Albanians were ethnically non-Slavic and the vast majority of them were Muslims. They were known to be extremely faithful to the Empire. The absolute best troopers who served in the Janissary corps originated from Albania. Not long after the arrangement of San Stefano, unmistakable figures from Albania met up in light of a congress that they saw as risky to the Albanian national interests. This stage in Albania’s’ history is known as the national arousing. The underlying consequence of this congress was the arrangement of the â€Å"league of Prezren† on 20 June 1878, going on until 1881. With an alliance of land-proprietors, strict researchers and educated people, the association had very nearly 300 individuals. They originated from Kosovva, Yannya, Isscodra, and Monasstir. The class presented a report comprising of sixteen designs to the Sultan in 1878. In any event 47 Albanian agents marked this archive. Article 1 plainly delineated that the Albanians were not against the Empire. Article 2 had obviously expressed the Leagues’ faithful position towards Abdul Hamid. We locate the accompanying in article 6: â€Å"In perspective on the circumstance in the Balkans, we won't permit any outside soldiers to enter our domain. We won't perceive Bulgaria and don't wish to hear its name referenced. In the event that Serbia doesn't consent to surrender the locales it has involved illicitly, we will send volunteer corps (akindjiler) against it and do our most extreme to realize the arrival of these areas. We will do likewise with Montenegro. † â€Å"It is comprehended that the Government may not meddle in the undertakings of the League. In like manner, the League won't meddle in the regulatory undertakings of the Government, except if the last can be appeared to have given requests including the utilization of power. † (Article 14) The arrangement of the group combined with the opposition against the choices of the congress of Berlin contributed in increasing the nationalistic inclinations of the Albanians. The call among the Albanians to bind together the four populated vilayets into one independent region became stronger. Anyway this obviously contradicted the Sultan’s strategy to join the Empire on an Islamic premise and not a patriot one, accordingly rendering their requests difficult to acknowledge. The Albanians turned out to be progressively displeased with the approaches of the Empire. Anyway the Sultans try to rethink the Ottoman way of life as simply Islamic was â€Å"mainly aimed at checking beginning proto-patriot acuities of the Ottoman Muslims. † Such a setting regarded the thoughts of association as hurtful to the plan of Abdul Hamid. The idea of a different national element, for this situation â€Å"Albanianism’’ was along these lines effectively stifled by Abdul Hamid. In reality Albanian patriotism turned out to be articulated and represented a danger to the Sultan. The possibility of a national personality turned out to be so mainstream in Albania, that a voyager from England got astounded to see that Albanians saw themselves as Albanians and not as â€Å"Turks or Christians like different minorities in the Empire†. Anyway language turned into a key obstruction for the Sultans plans. The Albanian language joined them. In the more extensive Balkan setting language helped in further fomenting the becoming nationalistic inclinations inside the locale. Anyway the utilization of language as a reason for Albanian solidarity was not welcome by all. The Orthodox Patriarch of Constantinople banned the utilization of the Albanian content recorded as a hard copy. Adhering to the social forms set by the Sultan the Patriarch planned to separate the Albanians based on ideology. † Local Orthodox Patriarchs undermined Albanian diocesans showing the language with expulsion. Anyway such endeavors were eventually ineffective. The Albanian issue was additionally communicated in military terms further puzzling the Sultans issues. The Albanians wildly opposed the purposes of the previously mentioned arrangement, which parted with an area to its neighbors, specifically the end of Ulcinnj, Plavve and Gusinnje to Montenegro. The Albanians spoke to by the group were even arranged for what they accepted to be an impending assault by Montenegro and Serbia. The military abilities of the Albanians were notable to the Sultan. A nearby partner to the Sultan and boss secretary of the Empire Tahsin Pasha (1894-1909) depicts the Sultans sees towards the Albanians. The Albanians involved ahead of all comers [in the empire]. Abdul Hamid put stock in the grit and dedication of Albanians. This unquestionably comprised the establishment of Abdul Hamid’s policies†¦in Rumeli; the Albanians were viewed as a bastion of Abdul Hamid’s policies† The Sultan had the option to utilize the military may of the Albanian powers. 1879 was the year where they vanquished a military structure Montenegro in Gussnye. The E mpire would bolster or control Albanian military action contingent on its political advantages at that point. Albanians by and large fitted into the more extensive Ottoman political plans, and despite the fact that the alliance went about as an autonomous government inside Albania, gathering charges and directing the district for instance, the Sultan generally disregarded this because of the Albanian restriction to a total disintegration of the Ottoman Empire and its domains. Anyway in 1881 when the skillet Islamic strategy of the Sultan had arrived at another level, the alliance was viewed as a danger and formally broke up. Numerous individuals were banished toward the western promontory of Asia. Following on from the disassembling of the League of Prezren, Abdul Hamid had consistently endeavored, until his expulsion in 1909, to utilize the steadfast components of the Albanians to keep up control of the Balkan area. The previous

The Role of Nurses in Recovery Efforts after Wildfire Disaster Assignment

The Role of Nurses in Recovery Efforts after Wildfire Disaster - Assignment Example Since Wayne is an individual from the network, it will demonstrate simpler for him to associate with the individuals and complete a positive evaluation. The recuperation needs ought to rely upon the requirements of the network individuals, with no predisposition in regards to loved ones. Casualties that Require a Crisis Intervention According to past exploration, it is obvious that youngsters and teenagers characterize the most the powerless gatherings that require emergency intercession. Youngsters who face rapidly spreading fires are probably going to display social angles, for example, nervousness, dread, bad dreams, melancholy, carrying on and blame. In this way, they require prompt mediation so the injury doesn't influence their turn of events. Since kids don't comprehend the variables that trigger fiascos, they are more averse to adapt without any problem. Though grown-ups can adapt to the fiasco in a brief time, kids and young people need ability intercession and direction (Ma urer and Smith, 2013). Significant Health Concerns after the Wildfire A fierce blaze brings about smoker from trees presenting individuals to particulate issue and various poisons. These contaminants in smoke are probably going to cause respiratory ailments. Wayne ought to recognize this as a significant wellbeing concern. Moreover, the contaminants from out of control fires may likewise cause cardiovascular, mental, and ophthalmic complexities. Various degrees of consumes may likewise represent the danger of organ disappointment. Casualties may confront immediate or backhanded consumes, which may influence different organs, convincing them to look for treatment.

Internship with Credit Analysis Free Essays

Met individuals from various divisions, asked hands on they perform. I and another student passing entry level position in ORBS had an Introductory gathering, where our directors clarified Bank structure, its objectives and targets. . We will compose a custom exposition test on Entry level position with Credit Analysis or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now During the entire time of entry level position in Retail Unit, I have taken in a great deal about the RAM, about Bank items, on the best way to discover potential clients, how to keep them faithful to the Bank, what techniques and lawful documentation to set the arrangement. I was acquainted with Asset Sales and RAM work. Worked under the oversight of Senior Relationship Manager, watched the working procedures of different units: Customer Service Unit (CSS), Sales Department and Retail Transfer Operations. Helped on indoor gathering, just as on gatherings with customers, chipped away at customer base, figured out how supervisors assess credit hazard RAM †is a relationship Manager, who’s fundamental obligations are customer search and customer support. Presently I have understood that in any association, just as in the bank, client relationship is significant, as I might want to state, RAM is the initial step of all significant financial activities. 3. Remained time I directed in Corporate Department. Helped on assessment of the credit hazard examination of the organization, under the management of workers. Figured out how to make a credit chance examination: merged accounting report investigation with all proportions required, showcase examination. Advantages to the Student: incredible chance to learn and rehearse in the circle of fund and banking business ; figure out how to utilize money related displaying by and by ; beneficial experience of working with genuine monetary archives ; work in the genuine business condition, under the time tension The associates indicated high collaboration in sharing their experience and profound information in the activities of ORBS. The abilities and hypothetical information obtained on the fund courses in SKIMP was of extraordinary worth, and I discovered them extremely compelling in playing out my obligations and duties. The primary trouble looked during the temporary job process was the Iterance AT dialects AT study (Engel’s) Ana ten language AT ten company’s archives and tasks (Russian). In any case, this was not a major snag on the grounds that my associates helped me to comprehend and gain proficiency with the interpretations and implications of Russian money related and bookkeeping terms. This entry level position gave me such advantages as genuine financial experience, new aptitudes. I have seen the activities of the bank from various focuses, I’ve been in various offices during the temporary job, get familiar with the assortment of Jobs in the Bank, took in the structure, the way of life, the objectives and destinations. I figured out how to assess credit danger of both private and corporate clients. Proposals and recommendations: I would prescribe understudies to take a temporary position rather examine ventures or substitute courses, so as to have a working encounter before the graduation that will help them all the more effectively get into gear. The most effective method to refer to Internship with Credit Analysis, Papers

What Does It Take To Lead Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

What Does It Take To Lead Change - Essay Example It is simply the way toward investigating one's own assessment, thinking whether the manner in which they acted in a specific circumstance is right or not. Pondering one’s own activities is significant for business improvement. It is an absolute necessity to improve our correspondence style, explain our desires and set up as a regular occurrence the different speculations learnt. Truth be told there are numerous projects like the Ignatius practices which use job demonstrating to concentrate on different basic issues, encourage the feelings of an individual, get a reaction and assist them with considering the equivalent. These activities allow an individual to act with greater development and serenity in the event that they face a similar issue, in actuality (Moberg and Calkins, 2001, p. 257 - 270). The task we chose to do was ‘Eliminating Job Satisfaction’. Our group trusted it will assist us with understanding the workplace in the corporate business better and em power us to go about as better directors since we will become more acquainted with what various kinds of laborers anticipate from their administration and bosses. My gathering venture empowered me to converse with different sorts of individuals. What we discovered was that, about portion of the individuals exceeding expectations in the present corporate world do so on the grounds that they didn't get an opportunity to exceed expectations in their field of decision. I understood the importance of the word 'personality workspace' (Petriglieri and Petriglieri, 2010, p. 44 - 60) just by working in this task. The experience made me wonder if these individuals are so profitable and competent in a field they have no like or aversion, the amount they would contribute in the event that they were just allowed to work in their field of decision. Most likely, the world would be a greatly improved spot with a lot more innovations at that point. The point of our venture was to connect with in any event a couple of individuals who are completely disappointed with their activity and make them seek after their energy for their own joy and the improvement of their energetic field. My group went to a workshop toward the finish of the venture, which empowered us to think about what we have done as such far. I got an opportunity to think about a few occurrences which occurred all through the task. The workshop imparted in me different reflections with respect to the manner in which I conveyed to my companions, how I neglected to cause them to see a portion of my perspectives and how I went about as a self-chosen pioneer in certain examples. The workshop didn't show us anything new, however helped us think about the manner in which we acted all through the undertaking and question ourselves what might have been the result, on the off chance that we have acted in an unexpected way. There is a general idea that administration studies won't be a lot of valuable, if an individual doesn 't have earlier administration experience. The thought was worried by Mintzberg (2004) in his work. Regardless of how long you study volumes and volumes of the executives hypotheses it isn’t equal to one day's understanding of dealing with a group in reality. Dealing with this task helped me comprehend this for all intents and purposes. I attempted every which way to support my group however it just brought about structure increasingly strain inside the group. â€Å"Communication inside a gathering manages the spoken and the implicit, the verbal and the non-verbal, the unequivocal and the suggested messages that are passed on and traded identifying with data and thoughts, and Feelings† (Group Dynamics, 2004). I comprehended where I turned out badly and how correspondence was restricted in our group while playing the intelligent activities in this workshop. I emphatically felt the manner in which I acted

Plans for Recruitment and Retention Free Essays

There are many significant difficulties confronting the nursing lack condition today. One of those difficulties incorporates the office enlistment of enrolled attendants and afterward the office maintenance of the enrolled medical caretakers that they have selected. Elements to consider would be with respect to why an enlisted nurture decided to acknowledge a specific activity and will they decide to remain at the office in the wake of being given a work opportunity. We will compose a custom article test on Plans for Recruitment and Retention or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now A facility’s notoriety, association status, self-rule and pay are among a portion of the elements that impact enlistment. Components that impact maintenance remembers the consideration for dynamic, practice self-sufficiency, laborers, remaining task at hand, management’s regard of the laborers, and movements worked. It is costly for any office to select an enrolled nurture. As indicated by an ongoing report by CB Jones, it costs somewhere in the range of $62,100 and $67,100 to supplant one enrolled nurture. (Jones, 2005) The expense of human turnover and resulting enlisting frequently isn't talked about. When there is a medical caretaker opening, that specific nurses’ outstanding burden must be joined into the remaining task at hand of another attendant. The medical attendant or attendants that take on the outstanding burden are not really going to be paid more. It’s a smile and bear it sort of circumstance where everybody needs to cooperate as a group. At the point when another medical attendant has at last been enrolled, they need to experience a broad direction for the way of life of the specific unit they are alloted to. At that point maintenance comes into place. Presently we have the new medical attendant set up, how would we approach keeping her? Maintenance can likewise be a significant test for an office. So how would we enlist and hold these nursing staffs? Characterize the Problem It has been anticipated that the U. S. will encounter a heightened deficiency of enrolled nurture as the children of post war America age and the requirement for social insurance develops. (AACN, 2012) To add power to the issue, the nursing schools are battling with enlisting understudies to satisfy the need for this new social insurance change that emerging. This has become a significant medicinal services concern. Somewhere in the range of 2009 and 2030, it is anticipated that the deficiency of medical caretakers will spread the nation over most seriously in the South and the West as indicated by the â€Å"United States Registered Nurse Workforce Report Card and Shortage Forecast. † (AJMQ 2012) The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) is right now working with nursing associations, arrangement producers, the media, and different schools to address this developing concern. Writing Review The truth of the matter is that there is unquestionably a lack of medical attendants, and the numbers will develop in the years expected. The insights on the lack are continually evolving. The Bureau of Labor Statistics expresses that enlisted medical attendants make up around 2. 6 million of the U. S. employments. These occupations are in fields, for example, clinics, doctor’s workplaces, home wellbeing administrations, nursing care offices, business administrations, and government and social help offices/instructive administrations. That number is relied upon to develop to around 3. 2 million continuously 2018. In the year 2010, the United States confronted a lack of around 275,000 medical caretakers. It is anticipated that by 2015 that number will have developed to around 500,ooo, and 800,000 by 2020. As the populace gets more established, more medical attendants are required to resign. There are numerous reasons given for the lack of attendants running from the socioeconomics of the populace, the business examples of ladies, nursing work, and the medicinal services framework itself. A portion of those reasons include: Increased interest as the populace ages. Eighteen percent development in general and 54 percent development by and large for those with more medicinal services needs. Other profession choices. There is a scope of other profession openings that are being thought of, particularly for those brought into the world after the 1950s. Workplace and remaining task at hand. Emergency clinics have diminished their staffing and compulsory additional time arrangements have been actualized for the enrolled medical attendants to guarantee inclusion for the surprising increment of patients. Picture. The media occupies the consideration of the youthful grown-ups who might be keen on nursing by concentrating on the difficulties that nurse’s face as opposed to the parts of the vocation that are fulfilling. Issue Analysis With a lack of attendants, the consideration and security of patients may turn into traded off. The medical caretakers themselves might be having sentiments of disappointment, overpower and trouble. Medical attendants who may become overpowered with the high number of patients may get baffled and wore out. What's more, deficient staff of medical caretakers may prompt a negative effect on the patient’s result. The nature of care the patients may get in offices with low staffing might be poor. There are various elements that add to the effect of the nursing deficiency. Low nursing school enlistment. The anticipated interest for nursing administrations isn't being met with the low enlistment. In 2011, the AACN detailed there was just a 5. 1% expansion in enlistment in passage level nursing programs. Workforce lack in nursing schools. With insufficient personnel instructing in the nursing schools, it limits the quantity of program enlistments. Nursing schools dismissed 75,587 qualified candidates from their baccalaureate and graduate projects in 2011 in view of inadequate staffing, homeroom space, spending limitations, clinical locales and clinical preceptors as per a report gave by the AACN. The normal time of medical caretakers is climbing. The normal time of medical attendants detailed in 2012 was 44. 5 years old. The biggest section of the nursing workforce is relied upon to be nurture in their 50s. Evolving socioeconomics. As the gen X-ers get more established, their social insurance needs are growing, which will affect the future interest for additional medical attendants. Raised feelings of anxiety. With the inadequate staffing, the present medical caretakers are overpowered with duties, in this way, bringing about high feelings of anxiety, poor employment fulfillment, and no inspiration to remain at work. This additionally constrains the measure of time that the medical attendants can go through with the patients and effects the nature of care given to the patients. Potential Solutions Consolation is required for the arrangement and improvement of the nursing work force with the fitting abilities. Despite the weights that identify with the transient interest for nursing administrations, there must be progressing long haul workforce arranging by the strategy creators, open and the calling. Measures must be set up to switch these patterns; else, we are at risk for encountering some genuine medicinal services framework breakdowns. It is expensive to create systems for enlisting and holding attendant staff. The Tri-Council individuals from The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), The American Nurses Association (ANA), The American Organization of Nurse Executives (AONE), and The National League for Nursing (NLN) proposed the accompanying suggestions: Education Develop profession movement activities to quicken the nursing graduates through their investigations; Identify accessible choices past section level, for example, manager, analyst or workforce; Establish an arrangement of training and practice to advance more remuneration in the network of human services; Assist social insurance businesses in making and supporting staff improvement programs and persistent development; Use instructors, schools, and youth associations to connect with the adolescent for future prospects. Workplace Retaining the accomplished medical attendants by actualizing systems, for example, Allowing for greater adaptability; Give acknowledgment to the accomplished medical attendants who fill in as coaches for the new attendants; Implement proper pay and advantage programs. Advance the act of nursing by making an association domain: Establish suitable administration structures; Ensuring satisfactory medical attendant staffing; Offering the medical caretakers independency. Update the work to empower the present medical attendants who are maturing to remain dynamic in their immediate consideration jobs. Enactment and Regulation Recommend an expansion in the financing of attendant training for improving the limit and assets for instruction; Within Medicaid, Medicare and different frameworks of repayment, propose for better ID for the enlisted nursing administrations. The National Student Nurses’ Association has a nursing advancement venture that I believe is an extraordinary apparatus that educates youngsters and seniors in secondary school about the nursing openings that are accessible. To pull in the consideration of these understudies, they use devices, for example, live recordings and handouts. The recordings show other secondary school understudies who have taken an intrigue and settled on a choice to go into the nursing scene. They educate their declarations regarding the estimations of the calling and the explanation they decided to go into nursing. The leaflets clarify what nursing is, the manner by which to apply to nursing school, what nursing school is really similar to, the ways of instruction to turning into a medical caretaker, the compensation, advantages and permit prerequisites, and afterward records different assets where data about nursing is accessible. These proposals are going to take crafted by numerous individuals and associations meeting up and supporting each other. One explicit establishment can't execute all that is required alone. Collaboration will be gotten significant. Systems for holding the nursing workforce are likewise required. Executing approaches that will revamp the nursing positions of authority will be essential. Higher fulfillment and better patient consideration may likewise be picked up by including the medical attendants in the plan of the staff and additional time arrangements. Approaches that improve the general medical clinic or office workplace are among the most significant contemplations. Defense The nursing lack of today is genuine and totally different from anything before. The lack is obvious by the

Quick Reference Guide to MLA

Quick Reference Guide to MLA MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. MLA style specifies guidelines for formatting papers and for referencing sources through parenthetical citation and Works Cited pages. The rules and guidelines for MLA style are set forth in the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (6th edition) and the MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing (2nd edition). This article will discuss the most commonly referenced MLA rules and serve as a quick reference guide for students. 1. General Guidelines for Formatting Your Paper Double-space the text of your paper, and use a legible font like Times New Roman or Courier with a font size of 10-12 pt. Leave only one space after periods or other punctuation marks (unless otherwise instructed by your instructor). Set the margins of your document to 1 inch on all sides. Indent the first line of a paragraph one half-inch (five spaces or press tab once) from the left margin. 2. The Basics of In-Text Citation MLA, like most formatting styles, uses parenthetical citations to give credit to the work of others. To properly cite to a source, immediately following a quotation from a source or a paraphrase of a sources ideas, place the authors name followed by a space and the page from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken. For example: Social support is the assistance individuals receive through their interpersonal relationships (Cobb 10). The authors name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. For example: Cobb states that social support is the assistance individuals receive through their interpersonal relationships (10). Unknown Author When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work in place of the authors name. Place the title in quotation marks if its a short work, or italicize or underline it if its a longer work. Multiple Citations To cite multiple sources in the same parenthetical reference, separate the citations by a semi-colon. For example: Social support is the assistance individuals receive through their interpersonal relationships (Cobb 10; Williams 25). Multiple Works by the Same Author If the authors name is not mentioned in the sentence, you would format your citation with the authors name followed by a comma, followed by a shortened title of the work, followed, when appropriate, by page numbers. If the authors name is mentioned in the sentence, it can be omitted from the citation. Citing to Indirect Sources Sometimes you may have to use an indirect source. An indirect source is a source cited in another source. For such indirect quotations, use qtd. in to indicate the source you actually consulted. 3. Dealing with Quotations Short Quotations To indicate short quotations (fewer than four typed lines of prose or three lines of verse) in your text, simply enclose the quotation within double quotation marks. Long Quotations Longer quotations of more than four typed lines should be placed in a free-standing block of text, omitting quotation marks, but maintaining double-spacing. Start the quotation on a new line, with the entire quote indented one inch from the left margin. Only indent the first line of the quotation by a half inch if you are citing multiple paragraphs. Your parenthetical citation should come after the closing punctuation mark. Quotes within Quotes One of the most difficult types of quotes to punctuate is a quote within a quote. Sometimes, you may want to use quoted dialogue or a quote that includes a word that is already set off by quotation marks. To mark a quotation within the text you want to quote in your own paper, enclose them in single quotation marks (. . .): Original text: He went to see the film Casablanca. Quoted text: Because he went to see the film Casablanca, he was late for the audition. 4. Basic Format of the Works Cited Page All entries in the Works Cited page must correspond to the sources cited in your main text. Begin your Works Cited page on a separate page at the end of your research paper. Label the page Works Cited (do not underline the words Works Cited or put them in quotation marks) and center the words Works Cited at the top of the page. Double space all citations, but do not skip spaces between entries. Use italics or underlining for titles of larger works (books, magazines) and quotation marks for titles of shorter works (poems, articles). Entries are listed by author name (for entire edited collections, listed by editor names). Author names are written last name first; middle names or middle initials follow the first name. Example: Kinsella, Sophie. If the book has no author, you can list and alphabetize by the title of the book. 5. Works Cited: Books Books with One Author Basic Format: Last name, First name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Example: Kinsella, Sophie. Shopaholic Baby. New York: Bantam Press, 2007. Book with More Than One Author First author name is written last name first; subsequent author names are written first name, last name. If there are more than three authors, you may list only the first author followed by the phrase et al. in place of the other authors names, or you may list all the authors in the order in which their names appear on the title page. 6. Works Cited: Periodicals Article in a Magazine Basic Format: Author(s). Title of Article. Title of Periodical Day Month Year: pages. Example: Smith, James. The Iraq War. Time 20 Nov. 2000: 70-71. Article in a Newspaper Cite a newspaper article as you would a magazine article. If there is more than one edition available for that date (as in an early and late edition of a newspaper), identify the edition following the date (e.g., 17 May 1987, late ed.). Where a newspaper title does not indicate the location of publication, add the city of publication between square brackets, e.g. Daily Telegraph [London]. Example: Cave, Andrew. Microsoft and Sun Settle Java Battle. Daily Telegraph [London] 25 Jan. 2001: 36. Article in a Scholarly Journal: Author(s). Title of Article. Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): pages. Example: Nielsen, Laura Beth. Subtle, Pervasive, Harmful: Racist and Sexist Remarks in Public as Hate Speech. Journal of Social Issues 58.2 (2002): 265. 7. Works Cited: Internet Sources The following are the basic components of an Internet citation: 1) Author. 2) Title of Article, Web page or site in quotation marks. 3) Title of Magazine, Journal, Newspaper, Newsletter, Book, Encyclopedia, or Project, underlined. 4) Editor of Project. 5) Indicate type of material, e.g. advertisement, cartoon, clipart, electronic card, interview, map, online posting, photograph, working paper, etc. if not obvious. 6) Date of article, of Web page or site creation, revision, posting, last update, or date last modified. 7) Group, association, name of forum, sponsor responsible for Web page or Web site. 8) Access date (the date you accessed the Web page or site). 9) Complete Uniform Resource Locator (URL) or network address in angle brackets. You may not be able to find all of the above; it is ok to skip any information that you cannot find anywhere on the Web page or in the Web site. Generally, a minimum of three items are required for an Internet citation: Title, Access Date and URL. Example: How to Make Eggs. eHow.com. 10 May 2006 .

Schools With The Best Campus Food

Schools With The Best Campus Food by: Gregory Yang on July 23, 2019 | 0 Comments Comments 1,134 Views July 23, 2019The Isenberg School at the University of Massachusetts. Courtesy photoThe â€Å"Freshman 15† is, for many, a far-fetched and unrealistic expression for the weight gained during the first year of college. But at some schools, the tantalizing food might make it more likely than others.The Princeton Review recently published its â€Å"Best Colleges† guide for high school students. This year’s edition is based on surveys of 138,000 students at 384 schools to determine which schools top the rest in dorms, food, health services, and more.  For the second year in a row, the University of Massachusetts-Amherst scored the number one spot for â€Å"best campus food.  EAST COAST SCHOOLS DOMINATE THE TOP-10The top contenders are mainly unchanged from last year, with every school from last year’s â€Å"best campus food† list making the top 10 again this year.  Ã‚  One thing that’s interesting to note is that the top 10 schools for â€Å"best campus food† are mostly concentrated on the East Coast. Only two schools in the top-10 are west of the Mississippi River, and they just barely are — St. Olaf College just south of Minneapolis and Washington University in St. Louis, just a few miles west of the river.  If you’re looking to eat well in college, be sure to check out the full list for colleges below.!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var e in a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var t=document.getElementById("datawrapper-chart-"+e)||document.querySelector("iframe[src*='"+e+"']");tDONT MISS: SCHOOLS WITH THE BEST COLLEGE DORMS or SCHOOLS WITH THE BEST FINANCIAL AID Page 1 of 11

Planning A Wedding Is Not An Easy Task Essay - 1820 Words

Have you ever wondered how an Olympic Games Opening and closing Ceremony comes to life? Did you join the millions of people across the world who watched as Princess Diana said I do ? Or have you ever stood at, watched an open concert of your favorite artist? Behind all of these and more, event management professionals work tirelessly to create the best experience possible for the guests, the stars, the sponsors stakeholders, and the spectators. Event management is the co-ordination, running and planning of all the people, teams and features that come together to create every kind of event. â€Å"Many people spend more time in planning their wedding than they do in planning the marriage† Zig Zigler, one of the most successful American author once said which is 100% true in today’s context. Planning a wedding is not an easy task. You need to get every detail accurate under any circumstance and not only you but the rest of the family that will be attending the wedding will wait to see what goes wrong and where. The couple’s reputation depends on a well-organized wedding on that day. A well-executed wedding can bring joy to every one including the couple. But a flawed event can create serious trouble in both parties including their parents, family and friends. The festive aspect of a wedding makes the planning even more necessary. If you are meticulous about this, you will guard against the majority of unexpected surprises. Firstly, the atmosphere. Wedding planning should notShow MoreRelatedEssay about Wedding Project Part I1107 Words   |  5 Pages WEDDING PROJECT PART I The Wedding Project Student Name University of Phoenix The Wedding Project One of the most significant days in a persons life is her wedding day! To ensure that such a momentous event goes off without a hitch, appropriate planning is required. And when it comes to wedding planning, picking ones partner could very well be the easiest of the planning decisions to make. Months will be spent prior to the wedding researching vendors, comparing products and prices, meetingRead MoreGame Theory : Essential Strategic Decision Making Essay1715 Words   |  7 Pageswith the planning and coordinating of my wedding. Likewise, when my husband and I decided to get married, we both had different visions about how the planning process should take place in addition to the size of the budget. Unbeknownst to us, we never envisioned that we would encounter as many challenges in making as many vital decisions as we did. First and foremost, our first decision came with should we take it upon ourselves and plan our wedding without the assistance of a wedding plannerRead MoreEssay on The Wedding Project1126 Words   |  5 PagesThe Wedding Project One of the most significant days in a persons life is her wedding day! To ensure that such a momentous event goes off without a hitch, appropriate planning is required. And when it comes to wedding planning, picking ones partner could very well be the easiest of all the planning decisions to make. Months will be spent prior to the wedding researching vendors, comparing products and prices, meeting with photographers, hotel managers, and many more wedding vendors to determineRead MorePlanning And Coordinating Of A Wedding Planner Essay1687 Words   |  7 Pageswith the planning and coordinating of my wedding. Likewise, when my husband and I decided to get married, we both had different visions about how the planning process should take place in addition to the size of the budget. Unbeknownst to us, we never envisioned that we would encounter as many challenges in making as many vital decisions as we did. First and foremost, our first decision came with should we take it upon ourselves and plan our wedding without the assistance of a wedding plannerRead MoreWedding Plan For A Wedding950 Words   |  4 Pages Wedding planners have one of the hardest jobs in the world. They cater to many new couples every day. A wedding planner has to be very careful about how to plan a wedding for a couple. They are supposed to be aware of the couples feeling, desires, and anything else to design a wedding perfect for the couple. In lesson one some of the qualities that are outlined I feel apply to me a great deal. One thing for instance is being organized and doing more than one things at a time. I can organizeRead MoreWedding Tips For A Wedding1128 Words   |  5 Pagescost of a wedding is $26,000! Personally, when I learned how expensive weddings are, I immediately began brainstorming on how I could shrink this number. One big way to save some money on your big day is to plan your wedding yourself rather than spending thousands of dollars on a professional wedding planner. This essay is for brides everywhere who wish to successfully plan their wedding on their own. First things first, you need to decide on a month which you desire to have your wedding. This isRead MoreIs Marriage A Bond? Essay934 Words   |  4 Pageswho are planning to get married during this blissful season. Planning is required as the weather is all about cool breeze and a rain on its parade so you have to set up perfectly according to the weather. This is especially so for our weddings, which have lots of traditional wedding decorations, wedding dress colors and wedding themes that may not be in sync with what most people think when they imagine an autumn wedding. But we think that this is a most beautiful season to hold a wedding. SettingRead More1) Determine What Is Important. There Are Varieties Of1452 Words   |  6 Pagestimelines that at one point in time, the wedding industry decided we all ought to accommodate when planning our nuptial celebration. From cake cutting to first dances to garters and bouquets to wedding favors. Let us be real– neither of these things are truly detrimental to the original purpose of this day (for you and your beau to get married!) but they can certainly add an element of fun, especially if they hold significant meaning to you. To make the wedding planning process more focused and meaningfulRead MorePlanning For The Future Of My Life851 Words   |  4 Pagesit. I know that it is easy to say, â€Å"What if I do not get married,† or â€Å"What if do not have kids,† but it is still important to prepare for those types of events, because no one can predict what will happen in their future. For me the biggest events in my life would be marriage, family, and my children going to college. All are very important and very costly especially with today’s financial problems, but if prepared for, it will make my life and others much easier. Planning for Marriage My firstRead MoreMy First Semester At Uw River Falls948 Words   |  4 PagesWe set our wedding date for June 2014. With the lack of class options at UW-River Falls and a wedding to prepare for, I thought I would take off some time from school to get ready. I spent a lot of my time the next year working to pay for the wedding and of cores planning the wedding. I made all of my decorations for our wedding to help cut costs. I also worked a lot at my horse barn I started. I opened Grandview farm in June 2011. I hired a manager to help with the everyday tasks of the business

The Prevalence Of Pressure Ulcers During Home Settings...

Methodology This DNP project will be a retrospective chart review on the prevalence of pressure ulcers in elderly in home settings receiving services from a community-based health care provider located in New Jersey with a total patient population of over 3000 in eight counties. Prevalence will be defined as the total number of patients who currently have pressure ulcers or have been treated for pressure ulcers and the risk associated with the development of pressure ulcer for the past 12 months. A retrospective chart review has been chosen for this project because it is often used to evaluate associations between models of care and the clinical outcomes of interest (Hess, 2004). It is also an inexpensive way to research accessible data for any condition where there is latency in available data and most importantly to generate hypothesis for future studies (Gearing, Mian, Barber Ickowicz, 2006). Setting: The reviewer will extract 100 convenience sample charts from the electronic database of the participating primary practice to determine the prevalence of pressure ulcer. The practice is a community-based primary health care provider that services the elderly in their homes. The majorities of these elderly are cognitively impaired, have mobility problems, and can no longer leave their homes and are in need of medical care. The geographical locations of the patients are Passaic, Essex, Bergen, Union, Middlesex, Morris, Monmouth, and Ocean counties in New Jersey.Show MoreRelatedNursing Essay41677 Words   |  167 PagesThe Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12956.html Committee on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing, at the Institute of Medicine PREPUBLICATION COPY: UNCORRECTED PROOFS Copyright  © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12956.html THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 Read MorePediatric Safety and Quality11531 Words   |  46 Pagesthe Bromley area trust until I returned home to work in Malaysia. I have adopted some fundamental principles that drive my beliefs about nursing as vocational career besides being a professional career. I also took up an opportunity to work as a nurse in Saudi Arabia. I have been working in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia since 1995, on and off until the present. I am registered with three Nursing Boards; N.M.C, Malaysian Nursing Board, Saudi Council for Health specialties. In my course of working, IRead MoreEssay on Community Health and Population Focused Nursing7251 Words   |  30 Pagesï » ¿ Western Governor’s University Community and Population Focused Nursing â€Å"Adult Obesity in Tarrant County, Texas† Tarrant County, Texas Tarrant County, founded in 1849, was named after Edward H. Tarrant, who drove the Native Americans from this area in hopes of preparing land for new settlers. Today, Tarrant County has a total area of 897 square miles: 863 square miles of land, 34 square miles of water. Its neighboring counties are Denton County (north), Dallas County (east), Johnson CountyRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesYork San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services: Ashley Santora Acquisitions Editor: Brian Mickelson Editorial Project Manager: Sarah Holle Editorial Assistant: Ashlee Bradbury VP Director of Marketing: Patrice Lumumba Jones Senior Marketing Manager: Nikki Ayana Jones Senior Managing Editor: JudyRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesCentral Design: Jayne Conte Cover Art: Getty Images, Inc. Cover Design: Suzanne Duda Lead Media Project Manager: Denise Vaughn Full-Service Project Management: Sharon Anderson/BookMasters, Inc. Composition: Integra Software Services Printer/Binder: Edwards Brothers Cover Printer: Coral Graphics Text Font: 10/12 Weidemann-Book Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2011, 2007Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesfor permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, (201)748-6011, fax (201)748-6008, website http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. To order books or for customer service please, call 1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Hartley, Robert F., 1927Marketing mistakes and successes/Robert F. Hartley. —11th ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-470-16981-0 (pbk.) 1. Marketing—United

The Structure Of The Current Scales, Scope And Diversity...

Dr Sam Hazra 28th April 2015 Titola Omonini Task A 1.1 In my analysis of the structure of the current scales, scope and diversity that surrounding hospitality industry, I believe that the hospitality is one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the world. Therefore, the current scales indicates that, in the UK alone there are about 45,000 guest houses and hotels, while the hotel business stays an important area of the economy, with nearly  £40 billion of an annual turnover (Kotler, et al., 2013). The current scales also indicates that the hospitality industry have around 127,000 properties and with staffs around 1.6 million people and diverse industry. I could say that the main role of the hotel industry is to give travelers cover, sustenance, refreshment, and comparable administrations and products, offering on business premise things that are usually outfitted inside of family units yet inaccessible to individuals on an adventure far from home. For example, the hotel industry caters and provides to the needs of the visitor, like meals and accommodation that provide considerably more than customized facilities etc., because many individuals are travelling not just for business but for recreation and relaxation also. In the literature review, I have noticed an upsurge in tourism that keeps on growing as political opportunities, social and financial correspondence spread over the whole world from national to global growth in the hotel industry. With theShow MoreRelatedThe Contemporary Hospitality Industry ( Unit 1 )3798 Words   |  16 Pagesin Hospitality Management The Contemporary Hospitality Industry (Unit 1) Dr Sam Hazra s.hazra@mrcollege.ac.uk 28th April 2015 Titola Omonini â€Æ' Task A 1.1 In my analysis of the structure of the current scales, scope and diversity that surrounding hospitality industry, I believe that the hospitality is one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the world. Therefore, the current scales indicates that about 46,000 hotels and guest houses are in the UK alone, while the hotel industry remainsRead MoreLabour Turnover8464 Words   |  34 Pagesfor this intense demand for constant improvement to their advantage. There are some who find a way to make these incessant demands for change trigger the developmental needs of the company. This is especially true in the case of the hospitality industry. In this industry, the focus is more on the service rendered to the public; hence there is a distinct possibility for it to be indistinguishable and interchangeable. Though the external environment has been regarded by numerous organisational studiesRead MoreStrategic Marketing Plan- Hpl, Four Seasons Hotel8242 Words   |  33 Pages1.0 Indu stry Background Singapore’s tourism board has optimistic expectations of high volume of tourist arrivals, with 15 million visitors to Singapore on average per year (Hotel Industry Background, 2010). A calculation made on the projected number of hotel beds in year 2000 showed that the country could accommodate up to 16 million visitors. Singapore has been a priority location for hotel conglomerates to set up headquarters to develop new products and concepts for Asian markets.The nation isRead MoreTrends in Hotel Industry13993 Words   |  56 PagesTrends In Hospitality Sector Hospitality is all about offering warmth to someone who looks for help at a strange or unfriendly place. It refers to the process of receiving and entertaining a guest with goodwill. Hospitality in the commercial context refers to the activity of hotels, restaurants, catering, inn, resorts or clubs who make a vocation of treating tourists. Helped With unique efforts by government and all other stakeholders, including hotel owners, resort managers, tour and travelRead MoreResort Thesis6183 Words   |  25 Pages064/B.ARCH./208 DATE: DECEMBER 16, 2011 Thesis Proposal on Designing Recreational Tourist Resort TABLE OF CONTENT 1. BACKGROUND 2. INTRODUCTION 2.1 WHAT IS RESORT 2.2 RESORT SCENARION IN NEPAL 3. INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT 4. JUSTIFICATION OBJECTIVE SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS METHODOLOGY PROPOSED CASE STUDY,PROGRAM STUDY AND LITERATURE REVIEW 9. PROJECT OUTPUT 10. SITE ANALYSIS AND LOCATION INFORMATION 10.1 SWOT ANALYSIS OF SITE 11. PROGRAM FORMULATION AND AREA ANALYSIS 12. CONCLUSION A. REFERENCES 5. 6Read MoreShangri-La Hotel and Resort Essay8653 Words   |  35 Pages[pic] Prepared By: Yee Shan (Sarah) CHUNG, Yan Sin (Jessy) LI, Kim Sang (Anson) HO, Kit Yat (Donald) TAI Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Summary of Macro Environment 4 3. Summary of Industry Analysis 8 4. Summary of Internal Analysis 12 5. Gap Analysis 14 6. Recommendations 22 7. Appendices 26 8. References 52 1. Introduction Since the parent company, the Kuok Group, is established in 1949 and untilRead MoreEssay about Restaurant Business Plan10168 Words   |  41 PagesThe Business Plan for Executive Summary Manly’s restaurant sector seems to lack a restaurant that will provide consumers with an authentic Brazilian dining experience. Currently, most restaurants in the area meet the expected industry standards but lacks in the supply of high quality food, beverage and service originated from South America. La Barata will target that gap and launch a Brazilian cultural experience in the Manly area specialising in dining, cooking classes and entertainmentRead MoreBed And Breakfast Of Indi Emerging Opportunities10452 Words   |  42 Pagesthere are a few rooms and as a result, personal contact is much greater than in hotel or motel. Guest rooms for a BB inn range from 4 to a maximum of 20 rooms. The arrival of the Internet has increased the opportunities to boost the accommodation industry. The BB owners are gradually becoming aware of the benefits that the internet can bring to their business. More and more BB owners are aware of the far reaching importance of the web. There are improved content management systems that enable uploadingRead MoreA Comprehensive Analysis of Hyatt Hotels Corporation and How It Relates to Competition Within the Hotel Industry27390 Words   |  110 PagesA COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF HYATT HOTELS CORPORATION AND HOW IT RELATES TO COMPETITION WITHIN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS 3 General Environment 3 Demographic Segment 3 Technology Segment 7 Economic Segment 11 Political / Legal Segment 14 Socio-cultural Segment 16 Nature Segment 18 Global Segment 19 Industry Environment 21 Intensity of rivalry 21 Supplier power 22 Buyer Power 22 Threat of substitutes 22 Read MoreIndia s Promotion Of Wine Tourism4103 Words   |  17 PagesTOURISM IN INDIA Dr. Bharat Sharma Head of Department, Hospitality Business Australian Education Academy, Melbourne Australia Email: bharat4sai@gmail.com Abstract: ‘With world economy struggling in its way and looking for alternative options, India’s wine tourism is poised to achieve a great boost if right direction and promotion are given. Even though wine production has a long history in India, there has not been much of growth in this Industry for a long time until recently, where some results

Kant s Philosophy Of Philosophy - 1220 Words

During the 18th century, the world was just reeling from the philosophical teachings of David Hume, when Immanuel Kant—Father of Western philosophy—entered the picture. Kant’s â€Å"central question was whether metaphysics—as the science of being itself—objects as they exist fundamentally and independently of our perceptions and interpretations, is possible† (Richards 1). It is said that Kant was sent to rescue philosophy from the hands of Hume. After consulting Hume’s works, however, Kant came to the â€Å"conclusion that metaphysics was not possible, but that we humans do it anyways† (Richards 1) So if metaphysics doesn’t exist, how do we create it anyways? Did Kant save Metaphysics, or bring it to an end? For Kant, the crux of metaphysics comes down to the viability of two varying explanations of gaining knowledge—Rationalism v. Empiricism. Before Kant could really beat down and kill metaphysics, he had to consi der and draw from the works of Hume and the rationalist approach to metaphysics. Rationalism is â€Å"a philosophy that holds (that) it is possible to gain knowledge of reality by reason alone; all human knowledge can be brought into a single deductive system† (Psychologydictionary.org). How can we gain knowledge from reason alone, about the universe? Well according to Hume, the contents of the mind consist of ideas—sense— and impressions—experience, â€Å"relations of ideas exemplified by mathematics† (Wake Forest University). Relations of ideas are the only statementsShow MoreRelatedKant s Philosophy Of Philosophy2351 Words   |  10 Pagesphilosopher, tutor and professor, Immanuel Kant, contributed highly complex deontological works of philosophy during the time of the Age of Enlightenment—an era when learned men in society urged others to live according to reason and individualism, rather than continuing simply to follow tradition. Thi s was a time for questioning, for employing scientific, evidentiary knowledge where once there had been action only according to faith, to unsupported beliefs. Kant s works aided in bringing important changesRead MoreKant s Philosophy On Moral Philosophy Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough Kant s philosophy, outlined in The Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, has some value as a moral guide, it alone is not always sufficient. After analysing Kant s objective moral imperative, I will show that implementing his philosophy has the potential to permit what is considered to be immoral. This is due to its rigid conditions, which are formed on the basis that he believes in the existence of a perfect morality that always holds true. However, I will argue that there is notRead MoreImmanuel Kant s Philosophy And Philosophy1389 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper- Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant was a famous philosopher whose philosophical influences impacted almost every new philosophical idea, theory, concept etc. In a sense, he was considered the central face of contemporary philosophy. Kant spent his whole life in Russia. Starting out as a tutor, to then a professor, he lectured about everything; from geography to obviously philosophy. In his early life, he was raised to emphasize faith and religious feelings over reason and theological principlesRead MoreImmanuel Kant s Philosophy On Philosophy844 Words   |  4 Pagesnot know where and what to follow. Therefore, many philosophers came up with ideas to convince people to live  ¨better ¨. Rationalism related with the overview of mathematical approaches into philosophy during the period by the major rationalist figures such as Descartes, Leibniz and Spinoza developed people ´s way of thinking in many different ways. Rationalism is perspective which engages the rational and deductive reason, an opposit e structure from personal experience or teachings as the foundationRead MoreKant And Kant s Philosophy1657 Words   |  7 Pagesuniversal a priori condition which alone things can become objects of our cognition in general[.]† -Immanuel Kant, p 20 of Critique of Judgment This quote most aptly describes Kant’s purpose in writing a critique of aesthetic judgment, with the most important term being â€Å"transcendental.† The Oxford Dictionary defines the word as â€Å"presupposed in and necessary to experience† (what Kant refers to as a priori). In this sense, it is something that pertains to elements of human experience and thenRead MoreKant And Kant s Moral Philosophy Essay1709 Words   |  7 PagesMoral Philosophy Every moral philosopher has their own moral approach and method to arriving at a moral decision. This is an overview of Kant, Mill, Aristotle and Held s moral approaches as well as their similarities and differences to each other. Kant s main point in The Categorical Imperative is that the morality of one s actions should be judged based on the motives behind the action. Kant also states that the only correct maxims are those which are universal laws. According to Kant, ourRead MoreKant s Philosophy On Moral Philosophy1515 Words   |  7 PagesImmanuel Kant presented his most notable positions on moral philosophy in his book The Groundwork of Metaphysics of Morals. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel subsequently presented a number of objections to Kant’s positions, mainly in his book The Phenomenology of Spirit. Hegel presents objections to Kant in two different ways, implicitly and explicitly. Hegel gives arguments against Kant’s moral theory as well as the general philosophical thought that produces the moral theory that Kant presents. ButRead MoreKant And Kant s Philosophy2023 Words   |  9 PagesImmanuel Kant was an exceptional philosopher who often fantasized about the wonders of the human per ception. Through the power of imagination in the human mind Kant was able to postulate possible answers to the great questions of existence. He was daring and bold to wonder what constitutes the beauty of the human soul, how the existence of an all-powerful entity would be possible, and also what do human beings really do to perceive their surroundings. With such notable works as Critiques of PracticalRead MoreKant s Philosophy On Moral Philosophy1991 Words   |  8 PagesKant really focuses his arguments regarding to moral rules that are necessary and universal, such as moral law that would hold up to all rational beings. In Kantian ethics, Kant offers two different explanations of moral law, the formula of the universal law of nature and the formula of humanity as an end in itself. In this paper, I am going to focus on explaining, reconstruct, and analyze on the first topic which is the formula of the universal law of nature regarding to the lying promise. KantRead MoreKant And Kant s Theory Of Philosophy953 Words   |  4 PagesINFLUENCED BY: Kant was influenced by the scientist known for discovering gravity, Isaac Newton. Kant viewed the universe in a very mechanistic way, i.e., things operated according to fixed rules and emphasized the pre-eminence of reason as an authority for knowledge. It was this emphasis on reason that lead him towards his deontological theory, therefore he was concerned with the actions, not the consequences. Kant theory was influenced by: †¢ Religion: Kant thinking was used in Britain to challenge

The Systematic Investigation Into A Study Of Materials Education Essay Free Essays

string(73) " methodological analysis for this survey is ‘case survey ‘ \." How is the male primary school instructor perceived by male and female pupils? What are the factors act uponing the perceptual experiences of male pupils? What are the factors act uponing the perceptual experiences of female pupils? How make male primary instructors understand/respond to these perceptual experiences? Research can be loosely defined as ‘a signifier of systematic question that contributes to knowledge ‘ .[ 1 ]The Oxford Concise Dictionary defines research as: a. the systematic probe into and survey of stuffs, beginnings, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on The Systematic Investigation Into A Study Of Materials Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now , in order to set up facts and make new decisions. b. an enterprise to detect new or collate old facts etc by the scientific survey of a topic or by a class of critical probe.[ 2 ] Peoples are non cognizant that they are an bizarre result of their development. That development came from their ability to joint their past cognition in any signifier of facts, experiences, premises for physical phenomena, beliefs and their capableness to update and better their former cognition and patterns. These are the grounds that mankind developed communicating accomplishments like literacy, linguistic communication, developed doctrine and invented engineering. ( Best and Kahn 2006: 3, 4 ) . Specifically, Best and Kahn ( 2006: 3, 4 ) maintain that educational research is the tool that instructors use to prove and better their personal patterns in instruction and happen which pattern fits best for them. A definition of educational research is provided by Anthony G. Picciano: ‘Educational research is a careful, systematic probe into any facet of instruction. From the Gallic word ‘recherche ‘ , which means to go through or study. ‘[ 3 ]Cohen and Manion ( 2001 ) province that educational research helps the instructors broaden their information cognition and understand their working environment. The research worker must besides place the most appropriate paradigm in the research literature in order to plan and put to death the enquiry efficaciously. The research worker should take his paradigm carefully in specifying the purposes and intents of his survey. Qualitative Research The research worker had to take between two chief paradigms: either ‘logical positivism ‘ or ‘phenomenological enquiry ‘ ( Best and Kahn 2006: 246 ) . Best and Kahn ( 2006: 79 ) argue that the logical-positivism paradigm is used for ‘experimental and quantitative research methods ‘ in instruction. Furthermore, Cohen et Al. ( 2001: 8 ) assert that the logical positivism paradigm expresses ‘the chief belief ‘ that the ‘meaning of a statement is, or is given by the method of its confirmation ‘ . The logical-positivism paradigm is a scientific method applicable for a survey concerned with bing and mensurable cognition, where the research worker is an ‘observer of the societal world ‘ . The results of an enquiry based on that paradigm can be compared with Torahs – like maxims ( Torahs ) that are constructed by natural scientific enquiries based on subjective generalisations and that use the same scientific meth ods as natural scientific disciplines to explicate the universe. The chief features of this peculiar paradigm are analysis, measuring and subjectiveness ( Cohen et al. 2001: 8 ) . Therefore, the logical positivism paradigm is best applied in a quantitative analysis where the collected information is numerical. In contrast the phenomenological paradigm makes usage of ‘interpretive research methodological analysiss ‘ ( Best and Kahn 2006: 246 ) . This paradigm is best applied to qualitative research methodological analysiss. Erickson ( 1985, cited in Best and Kahn 2006: 246 ) instead uses the term ‘interpretative ‘ , which is ‘the whole household of attacks to participant experimental research ‘ . Bogdan and Biklen ( 2007: 25 ) clear up this by saying that in the ‘phenomenological manner ‘ , research workers try to understand occurrences in the mundane life of common people in particular fortunes: they try to happen out the people ‘s point of position and ‘gain an entry ‘ into their specific environment. The failing of positivism is its inability to look into human behavior successfully, as Cohen et Al. ( 2001: 9 ) underscore. Denscombe ( 2007 ) recommends the usage of the phenomenological paradigm to cover with this failing. Surveies utilizing the phenomenological paradigm by Bogdan and Biklen ( 2007: 25 ) ‘begin with silence ‘ , as the research worker seeks to detect the personal apprehensions of the participants, leting different cognition and assorted perceptual experiences to be given by different participants in the same peculiar state of affairs. With this paradigm a qualitative attack to roll uping and analyzing informations is most appropriate. Here qualitative informations consists chiefly of words instead than Numberss. Patton ( 1990, cited in Best and Kahn 2006: 247 ) asserts that qualitative research uses three ways of roll uping information: ‘in-depth, open-ended interviews, direct observation and written paperss ‘ . On the footing of these considerations I found that the phenomenological interpretive paradigm the most convenient for the intents of this small-scale empirical survey concentrating on pupils ‘ personal perceptual experiences of their male instructors. It will try to cast visible radiation on the thoughts, sentiments and beliefs pupils have sing their male instructors in a Cypriot primary school. Important decisions can be drawn from this survey like the importance of the male instructor in primary school and his existent function as a leader by gender. Therefore, the phenomenological interpretive paradigm was the one chosen for this enquiry. Qualitative attack – Case survey My research focuses on pupils ‘ perceptual experiences of male instructors in an anon. Greek-Cypriot primary school. The rational harmonizing to the literature points to the usage of a phenomenological interpretive paradigm, and the survey should be conducted in a qualitative research model. I will utilize qualitative methodological analysis as my survey focuses on kids ‘s perceptual experiences, thoughts, ideas and feelings instead than their public presentation in school. Harmonizing to O’Brien there are five types of qualitative methodological analysis to take from: these are instance survey, grounded theory, phenomenology, descriptive anthropology and historical surveies.[ 4 ]In contrast Flick ( 2006 ) presents four qualitative research methodological analysiss: instance survey, longitudinal survey, comparing survey and eventually retrospective survey. However, this chapter does non mean to spread out and explicate the usage of these schemes as it would be outside the range of this survey. Alternatively, I would prefer to briefly explain and warrant my chosen methodological analysis. The chosen methodological analysis for this survey is ‘case survey ‘ . You read "The Systematic Investigation Into A Study Of Materials Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" As Merriam ( 1998 ) , Yin ( 1989 ) and Stake ( 1994 ) ( cited in Bogdan and Biklen 2007: 59 ) explain, it is ‘a elaborate scrutiny of one scene, or a individual topic, a individual depositary of paperss, or one peculiar event ‘ conducted in existent action clip, enabling an analysis of the grounds for and the after-effects of the incident ( Cohen et al. 2001: 181 ) . Supporting the attack of Bogdan and Biklen, Bell ( 2005: 10 ) and Cohen et Al. ( 2001: 181 ) province that one of the strengths of the instance survey is that helps the research worker to cast light ‘in deepness ‘ on a specific facet of the job and allows for generalisation. It is a narrowed and focused research method with a individual model, such as a kid or group of kids, a category or a group of categor ies, an educational establishment ( Cohen et al. 2001: 181 ) . In my instance, the probe will take topographic point in a school. The intent of my research is to look into in deepness the perceptual experiences by a group of kids of their male instructors in a school environment. I shall carry on the enquiry in existent clip as I am determined to see the school during term clip and gather informations utilizing informations collection tools, such as interviews. Cohen et Al. ( 1984: 184 ) argue that instance surveies allow general regulations to be made from the survey of an ‘instance in action ‘ . In my sentiment, a instance survey would be the most appropriate signifier for my survey as it is ‘strong in world ‘ ( Cohen 2001 ) and will assist me to look into in deepness the existent perceptual experiences of a group of pupils in the mark school in Cyprus. As a non really experient research worker I feel a instance survey will be a really powerful tool appropriate either for new or experient research workers ( Bogdan and Biklen 2007 ) . More specifically Best and Kahn ( 2006: 259 ) argue that a instance survey is a good method of assemblage and showing informations in hunt of the existent truth, and of carry oning an probe which aims to show the existent ‘view ‘ of societal world, as I plan to make. The literature about the instance survey method I have cited makes me recognize that some of the definitions and accounts about its usage fit the range of my research in a precise mode. It is clear that ‘case survey ‘ is ideal as a methodological analysis to observe alone characteristics, which may non be possible to supervise or retain in ‘large-scale informations ‘ surveies, such as those utilizing studies or questionnaires and a non-participant method in general. The instance survey method besides demands the engagement of the research worker and the sample. My survey examines a fact within the model of a school embodied in the Cypriot educational system. Therefore, its features to the full accord with the features of instance survey methodological analysis. The instance survey methodological analysis does hold some failings, nevertheless, that the research worker should be cognizant of. Because my probe is largely being conducted in existent clip there is non the option of reaching the sample once more to cross-check consequences. Therefore, the consequences of the research could be seen as ‘subjective and biased ‘ , given that the survey is qualitative ( Bell 2005: 11 ; Cohen et al. 2001: 184 ) . In add-on, research workers can be influenced by their ain beliefs and prejudice, so the consequences are influenced by subjectiveness. Although non much can be done to enable cross-checking, the research worker can seek to avoid deformation in the consequences. The research worker should seek non to be influenced by his ain percep tual experiences and besides non uncover his ain sentiment and thoughts to avoid act uponing those in the sample and to promote them to state what they really think. Another restriction that the research worker should see concerns generalisation. Whilst the instance survey method permits this, it may non be possible as most of the clip the incident under probe is alone and drawn from the life itself ( Bell 2005: 1 ; Cohen et al. 2001: 184 ; Bassey 1999 ) . Denscombe ( 1998: 36-7 ) argues that ‘the extent to which findings from the instance survey can be generalized to other illustrations on the category depends on how far the instance survey illustration is similar to others of its type. ‘ However, the phenomenon I am look intoing is normally found in the literature and amongst academic research workers. It would be possible to reiterate an probe of this kind in the same school or in a different school environment. This should non be a job as Greek-Cypriot schools present uniformity in a figure of factors: pupil beginning and staff turnover and staff instruction. The topic is besides rather typical and, in world, non so alone. General ization in this instance is executable, whilst the consequences of this research can move as a pilot if another research worker wishes to carry on a similar survey. There have been several similar probes of instructors ‘ and pupils ‘ perceptual experiences in Cypriot primary schools. Examples can be found in the Library of the University of Cyprus, ( mentions ) . Research in primary schools has about been a manner in the past 20 old ages Despite the disadvantages, I believe that ‘case survey ‘ is the most appropriate methodological analysis for this state of affairs as it is one of the chief methodological analysiss for a qualitative attack utilizing the coveted paradigm. There are certain methods to put to death the research and roll up the information, which will be presented in the undermentioned subdivision. Sample I have chosen the sample harmonizing to the nature of my survey. Due to the qualitative nature of this research, the sample of the pupil population should non be chosen wholly indiscriminately. In quantitative research the sample is selected indiscriminately with the purpose of garnering informations from the surface of a large population. In a qualitative research model ‘sampling is a deliberate instead than haphazard method of choosing topics ‘ and is important if we want to carry on the research with samples that are more representative of the topic and fortunes ( Cohen et al. 2008 ; Best A ; Kahn 2006: 25 ) . As this is a instance survey, it should be conducted in the school environmen I chose a primary school on the outskirts of the metropolis. Detailss of the school were non antecedently known to me. The school was chiefly chosen as a affair of convenience and practicality as it is the nearest primary school to the vicinity where my household lives. I was cognizant that some of my household members attended at that place ten old ages ago, but I knew nil else beyond this. I did non hold any personal information about the school besides because I have been abroad for more than eleven old ages. Therefore, I can claim non to be biased against the school. The school is administered by the Ministry of Education, as are most of the schools in Cyprus. All the primary schools in Cyprus are established to educate people of every country to a high criterion. That being said, the people and civilization from topographic point to topographic point can be different. Therefore, there is a scope of schools from those with a homogenous Greek-Cypriot individuality to those with kids whose immigrant backgrounds have small if anything in common with the state, set uping a new civilization which is comparatively unfamiliar to the native Cypriots. Teachers ‘ instruction in Cyprus is considered to be high and, even though instructors may be from different states and universities, their public presentation is purely assessed. Merely those who are qualified, effectual in the schoolroom and undergo uninterrupted appraisal are allowed to rehearse as instructors. As a consequence the chosen school was on a flat playing field with every other school in Cyprus. The sample participants were chosen indiscriminately harmonizing to age. Children that were 7 and 12 old ages old were chosen as an ideal sample. Four kids from the 2nd category ( 2 male childs and 2 misss ) and four kids from the last category ( 2 male childs and 2 misss ) were chosen. Two male childs and two misss were chosen from the 2nd category in order to look into the perceptual experiences of the youngest kids. The 2nd category ( twelvemonth 7 ) was preferred to the first category ( twelvemonth 6 ) as it is non possible for kids from the first category to hold any perceptual experiences about male instructors as they are fledglings to primary schooling. Four students from the 6th category, the concluding category of the primary instruction system ( twelvemonth 12 ) , were chosen in order to happen out the perceptual experiences of the older school kids. In order to accomplish cogency I sought the same proportion of male childs and misss ( 4 + 4 ) ( Bell 1999 ) . Four instruct ors participated in the survey: two male instructors and two female instructors. Their age or length of service was non so much an issue, although it was of import they were non fledglings. The male instructors were chosen in order to happen out how they thought they are perceived by their pupils. The female instructors were interviewed about how they think the pupils perceive their male instructors. Useful comparings could be drawn subsequently in the analysis. I had to obtain mandate from the disposal office of the country, the Director General of Education, Mrs Zena Pouli, and the blessing of the Ministry of Education. The principal of the school had to be informed about the yearss and times of the research and allow me carry on the research. Despite the disadvantages, I believe that ‘case survey ‘ is the most appropriate methodological analysis for this state of affairs as it is one of the chief methodological analysiss for a qualitative attack under the coveted paradigm. There are certain methods to put to death the research and roll up the information, which will be presented in the undermentioned subdivision. Data Collection Tools My informations will be gathered utilizing a qualitative attack and ( analysed/assessed ) harmonizing to the interpretive paradigm. The purpose of the research is to garner the thoughts, perceptual experiences and positions of the participants, both kids and instructors, so the usage of qualitative tools is indispensable. The chief research tools used in my survey are interview and observation. The usage of both interview and observation are the two of the three major methods for garnering informations. These three methods are ‘asking inquiries ( and listening intently to the replies ) , detecting events ( and observing carefully what happens ) and reading paperss ‘ ( Bassey 1999: 81 ) . Both methods were used together because they offered a agencies for cross-checking informations: what people say they think or do may non be the same as what they really do ( Robson 2002: 310, cited in Cohen et Al. 2007: 396 ) . By observation the research worker can look into if the thou ghts and perceptual experiences of the sample are the same as what the sample studies in the interviews. Therefore, I argue that the usage of both tools helped me derive a better thought of what is go oning in pattern and topographic point actions the sample may non be cognizant of cited in ( Foster 1996 ) . Observation Observation is one of the characteristic tools for garnering information in instance surveies. Case surveies aim to ‘observe ‘ an single unit, a group of people, an establishment or a larger group of people. Research by observation in a qualitative model is defined by Best and Kahn ( 2006: 264 ) and Basey ( 2005 ) as a digest of ‘detailed notation of behaviors, events, and the context environing the events and behaviours ‘ . Harmonizing to Cohen et Al ( 2007: 258 ) , the intent of observation is to ‘probe profoundly and to analyze intensively the many-sided phenomena that constitute the life rhythm of the unit with a position to set up generalisations about the wider populations ‘ . Cohen et Al. ( 2007: 396 ) further argue that observation gives the research worker a opportunity to roll up ‘live informations ‘ from reliable societal state of affairss. Therefore, it is preferred for the research worker to utilize this powerfull excessively to analyze events and collect the relevant information first-hand instead than from a secondary beginning. The research worker besides needs to choose the sort of the observation method to be used as they vary in footings of construction and the participatory function of the research worker. I opted for semi-structured, non-participant observation, as I did non mean to take portion in events. The semi-structured method was employed for this resea rch because some issues were still unfastened, despite the focal point of the research and look intoing factors being clear. The research worker had an thought of a figure of things that he wanted to detect, but he did non cognize what else to anticipate. Therefore, a semi-structured observation provided the research worker with the freedom to descry and enter inside informations that otherwise would hold been overlooked or omitted cited in Denscombre ( 2007 ) . New Chank Any observation research that has a sort of construction it is besides be scheduled cited in Bell ( 2006: 188 ) and Descombre ( 2007 ) . Denscombre ( 2007: 210 ) moreover argues that the research worker will happen the ‘certain things ‘ , seek and worth of inclusion for in his docket. The same author highlight the importance of the absence of subjectiveness in the observation where it is gained by the systematic scheduled observation. Thus it is cited that the ever limited clip can be arranged by the agenda and assist the research worker to remain focused on the issues that the observation is held for cited in Denscom ( 2007: 214 ) . The research worker besides intends to utilize the non-participant theoretical account as he plans non to take part as an perceiver. His purpose is to insulate the personal perceptual experiences of the pupils to their male instructors so there is non any topographic point of him as a participant which any effort of being take part could act upon the behaviour of the pupils and so bias the information, The research worker as Denscombe ( 2007: 214 ) suggests, purposes to do his present every bit discreet as possible. This will add to the cogency because the research worker will be more objectivite to the jadgement of any facts that they will happen as an 3rd individual instead as an participant. Whilst the research workers must hold in head that the thirster he stays in the schoolroom and being seeable, ‘the more their presence is taken for granted and the less they have any important consequence on continuing ‘ . Therefore it is of import that the perceiver should give so me clip to the schoolroom environment to acquire usage of his ‘discreet ‘ nowadays and after he is assure that he is recognized so he should get down the observation. In order to avoid any errors or skips the research worker programs to fly the observation and add to the agenda. To make more cogency the research worker programs to inquire the sentiment of his supervisor and one of the instructors. Besides he will demo the information to one of the instructors and the supervisor in order to look into them and state their sentiment on them. Interviews Traveling farther the research worker had chosen the usage of the Interviews as a tool. Aiming to garner qualitative informations about percpeptions, emotions thoughts and analyse them interview as a tool seemed good plenty for the intents of this survey. The research worker must aware though that despite they do non look like something more than an preservation, they ‘involve a set of premises and apprehensions about the state of affairs which are non usually associated with a insouciant conversation ‘ able to bring forth usefull information for any enquiry, Denscombre ( 1983 ) , Silverman ( 1985 ) , ( cited in Denscobre ( 2007: 173 ) ) . Therefore despite interview is a sort of construction preservation there is besides a protocol that must be followed. There is common consent between the interviewee and the interviewer in an official meeting and the recording is non secret in any manner. Besides the informations are merely for the record and the schedulule. Thus the is sues to be discussed are set by the research worker, Denscombe ( 2007:174 ) . Merely naming the usage of the Interview as a method is non plenty as there are different types of research Interview. Harmonizing to Denscombe ( 2007: 175 ) there are the constructions interviews the semistructured and Unstrructured interviews. Cohen ( 2007:355 ) besides add the non-directive interview and the focussed interview. In fact Cohen et Al ( 2007:352 ) argues that in the literature are mentioned many different types of interview! . The semistructured – interview, one-to one interview was selected as the purpose of this survey is to hold an indeapth thought of the perceptual experiences of the pupils but in a research model. Despite that the research worker has a clear que of inquiries to be answered in the semistryctured interview will be ready to allow the samples expand their thoughts where is appropriate. The one-to one interview, the most common of the variaties of semi-structured interviews, was selected as it is easy to put, control and garner the informations as each clip is merely one individual to interviewee. Descambe ( 2007:177 ) Unstructured interview was avoided as an option as it require clip and the technique was looked irregular as it dictate the expand of an issue from the sample without any counsel at all! ! Structured interview as a method besides rejected as it does n’t roll up the autonomy to the sample to state any of his thoughts. It is tide and the samples have to reply inquiries that the replies are limited. Descambe ( 2007: 175 ) . Therefore it is non appropriate at all as the research aims to garner reliable perceptual experiences instead than allow the participants to reply inquiries with preschelued limited options. I will state what I did subsequently what I did in the research. New Chank 2 Datas Analysis ‘There is no individual or right manner to analyse and show the information ; how one does it should stay by the issue of fittingness to aim ‘ ( Cohen et al 2007:461 ) . The qualitative informations analysis may be ‘detailed and rich ‘ though the process is really heavy and painfull due to the multiple readings that the research worker should do to bring forth his analysis, doing this process the research workers ‘glory ‘ and besides ‘headache ‘ together, cited in Cohen et Al ( 2007:461 ) . The research worker will categorise the informations from interview written texts and notes along with the issues that he is look intoing. Then the research worker programs to interpet the information with the literature reappraisal findings. Ethical Issues: Ethical issues are compiled in this research survey as and in all the enquiries. The survey was applied from blessing from the Ministry of Eduacation of the state and the General Director of the Education. Along the principal had to be informed about the research and take his blessing excessively. The parents should besides be informed about the research as the mark of the research is to interview and observe kids. The sample of the instructors should besides hold to take part. One of the most of import issues is to allow the privateness of the participants for grounds of ages or by their petition. This issue it can be addressed by namelessness and confidentiality, cited in Cohen et Al ( 2007: 64,65 ) . The individuality of the participants is unbroken hidden as the reference and the name of the school. Though the samples have non objection to give their existent informations to the section of Education to the University of Leicester as long that they will non print. Refering that th e research worker has to cover with kids particular manner of attack should be study particularly when they are interviewed. How to cite The Systematic Investigation Into A Study Of Materials Education Essay, Essay examples

Construction and Property Law for Memorandum -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theConstruction and Property Law for Memorandum of Advice. Answer: This memorandum identifies the possible liabilities which could be raised for different parties owing to the construction work which was recently undertaken. Through the analysis of the case study, it becomes clear that NSW Government would be able to claim liquidated and consequential losses from AllTrack and Von Fimerick for the delay, inferior quality and wrong construction. Apart from this, AllTrack would be able to claim damages from Von Fimerick for the delay caused in performing the work. For the physical injury and psychiatric illness caused to Tom and Bob, NSW Government and Jean Holland would be liable. However, the damages which would be awarded to Tom by the court would be brought down owing to his contributory negligence. NSW Government Heading Contract Law Issue Whether NSW Government can make AllTrack liable based on the contracts which were drawn, for the subpar quality of products used and for the delay in completion of project. Rule As a construction contract is a contract, the non-performance of the terms of such contract can result in the breaching party being made liable. Where the contractor fails in completing their work within the time which had been prescribed to them, liquidated damages are awarded to the aggrieved party. Where the contract provides the provisions for damages to be awarded be it in terms of consequential losses or the liquidated damages, and where the parties to contract have agreed to such clause, the provisions of such damages would be applicable, owing to the same being a term of the contract (Bailey and Bell, 2011). Also, where there are any defects or shortfalls in the construction work which has been carried, the defaulting party can be made liable for such faults. Here, the defaulting party includes both contractor and sub-contractor. Often such defects in materials and workmanship are discovered very late. Still, the contractor remains liable for such contraventions. Under the contract law, the plaintiff who had to bear the loss as a result of the contravention of contract, gets the entitlement to the extent of monetary damages, which would allow for the aggrieved party to be put in place, where they would have been, in case the contract had been performed, as was seen in Turner Corporation Ltd (Receiver and Manager Appointed) v Austotel Pty Ltd (1994) 13 BCL 378 (Bailey and Bell, 2011). Application Owing to the contract undertaken between AllTrack and NSW Government, NSW Government can claim the costs of delay from AllTrack and also for the inferior tiles used and the platforms being 30 cm narrower. This is due to the clear specifications provided under the contract drawn between the two parties. As the case study is silent on a time delay clause being present in the contract, it is assumed to be present. It was important for AllTrack to fulfil the contractual obligations; by not doing the same, they can be made liable in terms of liquidated damages and the consequential loss. This would allow for NSW Government to be put in place where they would have been, based on Turner Corporation Ltd (Receiver and Manager Appointed) v Austotel Pty Ltd, had the contract been properly performed. Conclusion Based on the discussion undertaken in the previous segment, it can be concluded that NSW Government would be able to claim liquidated and consequential losses from AllTrack for the delay, inferior quality and wrong construction. AllTrack Heading Contract Law Issue Whether AllTrack can claim any damages from Von Fimerick based on the contracts which were drawn, for the subpar quality of products used and for the delay in completion of project? Rule In construction industry, a common principal of letter of intent exists. The result of this document is that the actual intention in the letter can be deemed as acceptance instead of being a mere indication of intent to get in a binding contract at a later date. In Cox Constructions Pty Ltd v Decor Ceilings Pty Ltd (No 2) [2005] SASC 483, it was held by the court that the parties were bound exclusively and immediately by the last letter which was sent. In this case, a final and formal agreement was being created but could not reach its end. As the terms of the second contract could not be agreed upon, the parties were bound by the terms of letter of intent. So, the letter of intent is the acceptance. The contractors are thus allowed to recover the costs incurred in the anticipation of creation of contract on restitutionary basis (Bailey and Bell, 2011). Application With regards to the contract which took place between the contractor AllTrack and subcontractor Von Fimerick, Cox Constructions Pty Ltd v Decor Ceilings Pty Ltd (No 2) proves to be of help. As per the quoted case, the Letter of Intent would be binding here. This is because no agreement could be attained on the overall limitation of liability and even on the prices and delivery dates. As a result of this, the Letter of Intent would be deemed as the final agreement. However, there is no clarity given in the case study regarding the time by which the delivery had to be made. Assuming that there had been actual delay in the delivery being made by Von Fimerick of slab tracks, the quoted case would allow AllTrack to claim damages from Von Fimerick. Conclusion Based on the discussion undertaken in the previous segment, it can be concluded that for the delay caused in performing the work, AllTrack would be able to claim damages from Von Fimerick. Von Fimerick Heading Contract Law Issue Whether Von Fimerick can be made liable based on the contracts which were drawn, for the subpar quality of products used and for the delay in completion of project? Rule (Same as that for AllTrack) Application As the letter of intent was binding based on Cox Constructions Pty Ltd v Decor Ceilings Pty Ltd (No 2), Von Fimerick would be bound by the terms of Letter of intent. This includes the potential unlimited liability for delayed completion and subpar quality products. Further, where NSW Government decides to sue Von Fimerick along with AllTrack, they would have to bear the liability, for the reasons of being a subcontractor. Conclusion Based on the discussion undertaken in the previous segment, it can be concluded that Von Fimerick can be made liable based on the contracts which were drawn, by both AllTrack and NSW Government. Tom Heading Tort Law Issue Whether Tom can make a successful claim of negligence against NSW Government or not? Rule Negligence refers to the breach of duty of care which results in one person getting injured/ harmed or has to bear a loss, owing to the lack of care which the first person undertook, in fulfilling their work. Where a case of negligence is established, the aggrieved party is awarded damages. In order to make a case of negligence, there is a need to show that a duty of care was owed to the plaintiff by the defendant. The next requirement is to show that this duty of care had been breached as the requisite standard of care was not adopted by the defendant. The third requirement is to show that a material damages was caused to the plaintiff owing to the breach of duty by the defendant. The fourth requirement is to show that there was reasonable proximity between the plaintiff and the defendant, to show that the damages were not too remote. The last requirement is to consider the defences raised by the defendant for rebuffing or reducing their liability (Bailey and Bell, 2011). In Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] UKHL 100, the judges held that there is a need to take reasonable care in avoiding the acts which could result in such damage, where such chance of such injury or loss was reasonably foreseen. This foreseeability is required to establish a duty of care. There is a need to consider the plaintiffs vulnerability to harm owing to the conduct of the defendant. Once the duty of care has been shown, its breach also needs to be established. It is the duty of building professionals to protect against the possibility of risk, and the risk becomes greater where the standards are higher. The next requirement is to show that the plaintiff was hurt or injured and that an actual damage had taken place. Apart from the physical injury caused to the individual, the damages can also be claimed for economic loss. However, Perre v Apand (1999) 198 CLR 180 dictates that the situation, in which an individual could be liable for pure economic loss, is limited in comparison to physical injury (Bailey and Bell, 2011). A leading defence which is used in cases of negligence is contributory negligence. In this defence, the defendant can show that the plaintiff partly resulted in the damages being caused to them. In such cases, the damages awarded to the plaintiff for negligence, are reduced by the court, due to the failure of plaintiff in taking reasonable care of protecting them (Bailey and Bell, 2011). Application In the present case study, it was reasonably foreseeable that a failure in signal would result in a mishap. As NSW had engaged Jean Holland, they had the responsibility of the work which they undertook. Due to the foreseeability of harm, NSW Government owed a duty of care to Tom and Bob based on Donoghue v Stevenson. Even though in the past such signal failure had not resulted in any harm, the presence of signal failure was enough to make NSW Government liable, particularly because this defect had already been detected earlier, and was not fixed. The standard of care required NSW Government to fix this defect on urgent basis. Not doing so, was thus a breach of duty of care. Tom was injured owing to the accident, which happened due to signal failure. He was permanently disabled, which is not remote injury. However, he was texting on his phone when the incident took place, which means that he contributed towards the injury which he sustained. Conclusion Based on the discussion undertaken in the previous segment, it can be concluded that a claim against NSW Government by Tom would be successful, for the physical injury caused to him under the law of negligence. However, the damages which would be awarded to Tom by the court would be brought down owing to his contributory negligence. Bob Heading Tort Law Issue Whether Bob can make a successful claim of negligence against NSW Government or not? Rule The plaintiff has to show that the balance of probabilities was due to the negligence of the defendant. Under section 30(2) of the Civil Liability Act, 2002 (NSW), where an individual who suffers mental harm owing to other person being injured, can recover damages only when they witnessed the scene or were a close family member of the victim. In Hambrook v Stokes [1925] 1 KB 141, the plaintiff was able to recover damages due to him fearing safety of life of a close relative. In Jaensch v Coffey (1984) 155 CLR 549, the losses were recoverable for the plaintiff as they witnessed the aftermath of accident which involved a loved one and developed psychiatric harm as a result of it (Bailey and Bell, 2011). Application In context of Bob, the damages were not physical and were instead in form of psychiatric illness. Bob witnessed his closed one getting injured, which would make him liable for getting the damages from NSW Government based on section 30(2) and based on the case of Jaensch v Coffey, as he developed psychiatric injury by watching the aftermaths of the loved one getting injured. However, these damages would not be awarded to him based on Hambrook v Stokes as even though he witnessed the incident, he did not fear for his life. This is particularly because he was busy filming the entire incident which took place, in place of trying to help his cousin. Conclusion Based on the discussion undertaken in the previous segment, it can be concluded that a claim against NSW Government by Bob would be successful, for the psychiatric illness caused to him under the law of negligence. Jean Holland Ltd Heading Tort Law Issue Whether Tom and Bob can make a successful claim of negligence against Jean Holland Ltd or not? Rule In Voli v Inglewood Shire Council [1963] HCA 15, it was held that owing to the poor design, the architect could be sued by the third party when they sustained injury. Application Here, both Tom and Bob can also bring action against Jean Holland on the basis of Voli v Inglewood Shire Council, as both of them were injured owing to the fault of the professional. Conclusion Based on the discussion undertaken in the previous segment, it can be concluded that Tom and Bob can also make the same claims against Jean Holland and would be successful. References Bailey, I., and Bell, M. (2011) Construction Law in Australia. 3rd ed. Rozelle, NSW: Thomson Reuters Australia.